Mirror website and open source software collection of Linux distribution

[ TOC]

0 x00 Overview####

Description: In order to facilitate faster deployment and download of images and software packages during Linux operation and maintenance and open source software downloads, update packages are often downloaded from the following websites;

System software mirror download and usage instructions:

There are several ways to view the Linux distribution:

uname -a          #View version current operating system kernel information
cat /proc/version #View current operating system version information
cat /etc/issue 
cat /etc/os-release  #View version current operating system release information
lsb_release -a       #View release information
getconf LONG_BIT #Check the version description The current CPU is running in 32bit mode, but it does not mean that the CPU does not support 64bit

0 x01 mirror source website####

Domestic mirror#####
Domestic colleges#####

0 x02 release version official website####

CentOS

Description: CentOS is an enterprise-level Linux distribution based on Red Hat Linux that provides free-to-use source code; it is a stable, predictable, manageable and reproducible free enterprise-level computing platform.

Mirror source modification:

#1. Backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

#2. Download the new CentOS-Base.repo to/etc/yum.repos.d/
# CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# CentOS 8
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

#3. Build index cache
yum makecache

Precautions:

EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)
A collection of high-quality add-on packages created, maintained and managed by Fedora Special Interest Group for enterprise Linux are applicable but not limited to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), CentOS, Scientific Linux (SL), Oracle Linux (OL)

Obtain the corresponding version of the epel configuration file:

# Back up old system configuration files
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup

########## Tencent###########
# epel (RHEL5 series)
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-5.repo
# epel (RHEL6 series)
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-6.repo
# epel (RHEL7 series)
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo
# epel (RHEL8 series)

########## Huawei###########
# Modify epel.Repo file, uncomment the line at the beginning of baseurl, and add the comment at the beginning of mirrorlist. Put the http in the file://download.fedoraproject.org/Replace pub with https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com, you can refer to the following commands:
sed -i "s/#baseurl/baseurl/g"/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
sed -i "s/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g"/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
sed -i "[email protected]://download.fedoraproject.org/[email protected]://[email protected]"/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 

# refresh cache
yum clean all && yum makecache
kail

Introduction: Kali Linux is a Linux distribution derived from Debian, designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. Repaired and funded by Offensive Security Ltd;

Mirror download verification: please download sha256sum and SHA256SUMS.gpg

#1. Download and import the asc of Kail to indicate that the file is in the form of ASCII code and then import it into the gpg management
$wget -q -O - https://www.kali.org/archive-key.asc | gpg --import
$gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 44C6513A8E4FB3D30875F758ED444FF07D8D0BF6
# ... and verify that the displayed fingerprint matches the one below
$gpg --fingerprint 7D8D0BF6
pub rsa4096 2012-03-05[SC][expires:2021-02-03]
44 C6 513A 8E4F B3D3 0875 F758 ED44 4FF0 7D8D 0BF6
uid [ unknown] Kali Linux Repository <[email protected]>
sub rsa4096 2012-03-05[E][expires:2021-02-03]

#2. Verify and download sha256sum and sha256sum. gpg you can verify the signature as follows:
$gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS
gpg: Signature made Tue 13 Feb 201803:33:53 AM EST
gpg: using RSA key 44C6513A8E4FB3D30875F758ED444FF07D8D0BF6
gpg: Good signature from"Kali Linux Repository <[email protected]>"[unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 44C6 513A 8E4F B3D3 0875 F758 ED44 4FF0 7D8D 0BF6

#3. If you do not get the &quot;good signature&quot; message, or the key ID does not match, then you should stop the process and check if you have downloaded these images from a legitimate Kali mirror.

Mirror modification:

#1. Backup and modify/etc/apt/sources.list ,Change the relevant url to the source of Alibaba Cloud.
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# aliyun
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

# Huawei
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib 

#2. After changing sources.Update the index after the list file to take effect.
sudo apt-get update
Debian

Introduction: Debian GNU/Linux is an operating system and free software release, maintained and updated by a group of users who volunteer their time and energy. It comes with more than 59,000 software packages, these pre-compiled software are packaged into a good format for users to install and use

Debian historical version download address:

Mirror source modification example:

#1、 Backup configuration file:
cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

#2、 Modify sources.list file, http://ftp.debian.Replace org with https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com, but also http://security.debian.Replace org with https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com, you can refer to the following commands:
sed -i "[email protected]://[email protected]://[email protected]"/etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i "[email protected]://[email protected]://[email protected]"/etc/apt/sources.list

# debian 7.x(wheezy)edit/etc/apt/sources.list file(Need to use sudo),Add the following entry at the beginning of the file(Please make a backup before operation)
cat >/etc/apt/sources.lis <<END
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
END

# debian 8.x(jessie)edit/etc/apt/sources.list file(Need to use sudo),Add the following entry at the beginning of the file(Please make a backup before operation)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib

# debian 9.x(stretch)edit/etc/apt/sources.list file(Need to use sudo),Add the following entry at the beginning of the file(Please make a backup before operation)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib

# Debian 10x Buster 
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free 

#3、 carried out
apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates #Install https source
apt-get update #Update index

Note: If the installation source is https protocol, we also need to install the package apt-get install apt-transport-https and then execute apt-get update.


Ubuntu

Introduction: Ubuntu, is a desktop-based operating system based on Debian Linux. The content covers word processing, email, software development tools and Web services, etc. It is free for users to download, use and share.

Example of release mirror source modification:

cat >/etc/apt/sources.list <<END
# The source image is annotated by default to improve the speed of apt update, you can uncomment yourself if necessary
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

# Pre-release software source, not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
END

cat >/etc/apt/sources.list <<END
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
END
Alpine

Description: Alpine Linux is a security-oriented lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.

Mirror modification:

#1、 Backup configuration file:
cp -a /etc/apk/repositories /etc/apk/repositories.bak

#2、 Modify the repositories file, add http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/Replace with https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/, You can refer to the following command:
sed -i "[email protected]://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/@https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/@g"/etc/apk/repositories

#3、 Execute apk package operation command
apk update #Update index
apk search xxx #Query package
apk install xxx #Install package
Fedora

Introduction: Fedora is a Linux distribution, a fast, stable, and powerful operating system for daily applications built by enthusiasts in the global community. It allows anyone to use, modify, and redistribute freely, with the goal of creating a new, versatile and free operating system.

Mirror modification:

#1. Backup first/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo and/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo ~/fedora.repo
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo ~/fedora-updates.repo

#2. in/etc/yum.repos.d/Add content to fedora.repo and fedora-updates.repo and fedora-modular、fedora-updates-modular文件(后两个inFedora 28及以后版本存in),取消baseurl开头的行的注释,并增加metalink开头的行的注释
# fedora && fedora-updates.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/fedora.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/fedora-updates.repo

# [Fedora 27 and previous versions]
sed -i "s/#baseurl/baseurl/g"/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo
sed -i "s/metalink/#metalink/g"/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo
sed -i "[email protected]://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/[email protected]://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/[email protected]"/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo
#
[Fedora 28 and later versions]
sed -i "s/#baseurl/baseurl/g"/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-modular.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates-modular.repo
sed -i "s/metalink/#metalink/g"/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-modular.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates-modular.repo
sed -i "[email protected]://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/[email protected]://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/[email protected]"/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-modular.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates-modular.repo 

#3. Generate cache running configuration file
sudo yum makecache
Archlinux

Introduction: Arch Linux is a Linux distribution based on the x86-64 architecture. The system is mainly composed of free and open source software to support community participation. The system design takes the KISS principle (keep it simple and stupid) as the overall guiding principle, pays attention to the correctness, elegance and minimalism of the code, and expects users to be willing to understand the operation of the system.

Configure the mirror source:

#1. Backup/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist 
cp -a /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak

#2. Comment out all the lines inside, then add at the top of the file
Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

#3. Update package cache
sudo pacman -Syy

0 x03 Open Source&Public Software####

Nginx

Introduction: A lightweight web server software that publishes web code to provide web services, mainly used in application scenarios such as [Load Balancing] (https://cloud.tencent.com/product/clb?from=10680) and reverse proxy server and separation of dynamic and static web pages;

Apache

Introduction: Apache is the world's number one Web server software. It can run on almost all widely used computer platforms. Because of its cross-platform and security is widely used, it is one of the most popular Web server-side software. It is fast, reliable, and extensible through a simple API, compiling Perl/Python and other interpreters into the server.

Tomcat

Cygwin:https://www.cygwin.com/mirrors.html

Docker

Description: Docker is an open source application container engine that allows developers to package their applications and dependencies into a portable image, and then publish it to any popular Linux or Windows machine, which can also be virtualized;

docker.io mirror acceleration site:

# Docker China mirror
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://registry.docker-cn.com"
# Azure China Mirror(Can not be used)export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn"
# DaoCloud mirror
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"
# Mirror Image
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
# Web cloud
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
# Tencent Cloud docker hub mirror
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
# Huawei Cloud Mirror
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://05f073ad3c0010ea0f4bc00b7105ec20.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com"
# Alibaba Cloud docker hub mirror
export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://xlx9erfu.mirror.aliyuncs.com"export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://jxus37ad.mirror.aliyuncs.com"

curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/set_mirror.sh | sh -s ${REGISTRY_MIRROR}
Kubernetes

Description: Kubernetes is a portable and extensible open source platform for management of containerized workloads and services, using declarative configuration and automatically performing containerized application management based on configuration information;

Due to well-known reasons, google mirrors cannot be pulled in China, we use the following gcr.io mirror acceleration site to pull;

gcr.io image acceleration:

# University of Science and Technology of China
export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
# Azure China Mirror(expired)export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://gcr.azk8s.cn

k8s.gcr.io mirror acceleration: For kubernetes-related mirroring, we will use the mirror from the k8s.gcr.io site.

# k8s official(k8s.gcr.io)export K8S_MIRROR=https://gcr.io/google-containers

# University of Science and Technology of China(Unreliable)export K8S_MIRROR=https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/google-containers

# Azure China Mirror(Unreliable)export K8S_MIRROR=https://gcr.azk8s.cn/google-containers/

# Ali Cloud
export K8S_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/

# alternative plan:K8S handling warehouse
mirrorgcrio : https://github.com/JaeGerW2016/mirrorgcrio

# Test image acceleration
kubeadm config images pull --kubernetes-version=1.18.3--image-repository https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers -v 5
kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=1.18.5--image-repository mirrorgcrio -v 5

Reference appendix:

Git-for-windows

Mirror index of: https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/releases/
Mirror address: https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/git-for-windows/

Github

Description: GitHub warehouse file proxy download address:

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