Production environment deployment of ubuntu Django + Uwsgi + Nginx

I. Overview

Using runserver can make our django project run locally, but this can only be accessed within the local area network. If you deploy django in a production environment, you must consider some more issues. For example, static file processing, security, efficiency, etc., this article summarizes the deployment of django project production environment based on uwsgi+Nginx

uWSGI is a [Web server] (https://baike.baidu.com/item/Web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8), which implements the WSGI protocol, uwsgi, http and other protocols. The function of HttpUwsgiModule in Nginx is to exchange with uWSGI server.

Pay attention to the distinction between the three concepts of WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI.

• WSGI is a communication protocol.
• uwsgi is a wire protocol rather than a communication protocol, and is often used here for data communication between the uWSGI server and other network servers.
• And uWSGI is a web server that implements both uwsgi and WSGI protocols.

The uwsgi protocol is a unique protocol of the uWSGI server. It is used to define the type of information to be transmitted. The first 4 bytes of each uwsgi packet are the description of the type of information to be transmitted. Compared with WSGI, it is a different thing.

Preparation conditions

By default ubuntu already has python3, but pip is not installed.

apt-get install -y python3-pip

Install virtual environment

pip3 install virtualenv

Create a virtual environment

sudo mkdir /virtualenvs
cd /virtualenvs
sudo /usr/local/bin/virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 --no-site-packages venv

Install django

/virtualenvs/venv/bin/pip3 install django

Two, run the django project

Create django project

root@ubuntu:~# mkdir /www
root@ubuntu:~# cd /www/
root@ubuntu:/www# /virtualenvs/venv/bin/django-admin startproject mysite1
root@ubuntu:/www# cd mysite1/
root@ubuntu:/www/mysite1# /virtualenvs/venv/bin/python manage.py startapp blog
root@ubuntu:/www/mysite1# mkdir static

Edit configuration file

root@ubuntu:/www/mysite1# vim mysite1/settings.py

Allow listening to all IPs, note:'*' must be enclosed in quotation marks

ALLOWED_HOSTS =['*']

Native startup method

/virtualenvs/venv/bin/python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

Visit page

http://192.168.10.104:8000/

The effect is as follows:

3. Implementation based on uwsgi+django

Install uwsgi

/virtualenvs/venv/bin/pip3 install uwsgi

Use the command to start uwsgi

First close the Django project started above and use Ctrl+c to cancel.

The first step: enter the django project

cd /www/mysite1/

Step 2: Command test start

/virtualenvs/venv/bin/uwsgi --http 0.0.0.0:8000--file mysite1/wsgi.py --static-map=/static=static

Parameter Description:

• • http This specifies the IP port like runserver
• • file There is a reflection in this file. If you do not specify Web Server when you call it, use the default

Note: mysite1 is a relative path. --file its absolute path is /www/mysite1/mysite1/wsgi.py

• • static Make a mapping and specify static files.

At this time, visit http://192.168.10.104:8000/

If the access is normal, the project started successfully

uwsgi configuration file

Use Ctrl+c to cancel uwsgi startup.

Step 1: Create a uwsgi directory in the same level directory of the django project to store related files

cd /www/mysite1mkdir uwsgi

The project structure is as follows:

mysite1/
├── blog
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
├── mysite1
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── uwsgi
└── static

Step 2: Enter the script directory and create a uwsgi.ini file

cd /www/mysite1/uwsgi
vim uwsgi.ini

Edit the contents of the uwsgi.ini file as follows:

[ uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory(full path)
chdir           =/www/mysite1
# Django's wsgi file
module          = mysite1.wsgi
# the virtualenv(full path)
home            =/virtualenvs/venv
# process-related settings
# master
master          =true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       =1
# pid file
pidfile         =/www/mysite1/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid
# The address and port of the monitor
http            =:8000
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          =true
# The process runs in the background and types the log to the specified log file
daemonize       =/www/mysite1/uwsgi/uwsgi.log

Pay attention to several very important parameters

chdir project directory, write absolute path

module Django's wsgi file, which means mysite1/wsgi.py

home virtual environment directory, write absolute path

The daemonize process runs in the background and prints the log to the specified log file

Start the django project

root@ubuntu:~# cd /www/mysite1/
root@ubuntu:/www/mysite1# /virtualenvs/venv/bin/uwsgi --ini uwsgi/uwsgi.ini 
[ uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi/uwsgi.ini

check the file

root@ubuntu:/www/mysite1# ll uwsgi/
Total amount 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40968 Mar 1011:47./
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 40968 Mar 1011:27../-rw-r--r--1 root root 7178 1011:41 uwsgi.ini
- rw-r-----1 root root 20218 October 1011:47 uwsgi.log
- rw-rw-rw-1 root root 68 Oct 1011:47 uwsgi.pid

Refresh the page to see if the access is normal.

uwsgi commonly used startup commands

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini #start up
uwsgi --reload uwsgi.pid #Reboot
uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid #shut down

Fourth, Nginx proxy uwsgi

Install nginx

apt-get install -y nginx

Edit configuration file

cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
vim mysite1.conf

The content is as follows:

server {
 listen 8000;
 server_name localhost;

 # Specify the project path uwsgi
 location /{
  include uwsgi_params; #Import a Nginx module which is used to communicate with uWSGI
  uwsgi_connect_timeout 30; #Set the timeout for connecting to uWSGI
  uwsgi_pass unix:/www/mysite1/uwsgi/mysite1.sock; #All dynamic requests for the specified uwsgi sock file will be directly thrown to him
    }

 # Specify static file path
 location /static/{
  alias /www/mysite1/static/;}}

Change uwsgi configuration

Change to socket mode

cd /www/mysite1/uwsgi
vim uwsgi.ini

The content is as follows:

[ uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory(full path)
chdir           =/www/mysite1
# Django's wsgi file
module          = mysite1.wsgi
# the virtualenv(full path)
home            =/virtualenvs/venv
# process-related settings
# master
master          =true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       =1
# pid file
pidfile         =/www/mysite1/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid
# socket file path(full path)
socket          =/www/mysite1/uwsgi/mysite1.sock
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          =true
# The process runs in the background and types the log to the specified log file
daemonize       =/www/mysite1/uwsgi/uwsgi.log

Reload uwsgi

/virtualenvs/venv/bin/uwsgi --reload uwsgi.pid

Load nginx configuration file

nginx -s reload

Check the port, 8000 has been taken over by nginx

root@ubuntu:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# netstat -anpt|grep 8000
tcp        000.0.0.0:80000.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      18895/nginx -g daem
tcp        00192.168.10.102:8000192.168.10.105:52556    ESTABLISHED 19135/nginx: worker
tcp        00192.168.10.102:8000192.168.10.105:52557    ESTABLISHED 19135/nginx: worker

Refresh the page, the effect is the same as above!

Enter the directory /www/mysite1/static and put a picture girl.jpg

Access picture

http://192.168.10.102:8000/static/girl.jpg

The effect is as follows:

Reference link for this article:

http://www.py3study.com/Article/details/id/323.html

https://www.jianshu.com/p/07458e99198a