MariaDBCentos7の下にMariaDBをインストールします

投稿者：ゲスト** QQ：1033553122 **

1、 インストールファイルをダウンロード

例としてrpmパッケージを取り上げます。標準のサーバーインストールでは、少なくともクライアント、共有、およびサーブファイルをダウンロードする必要があります（インストール中にファイルが少ない場合は、エラーメッセージが表示されます）

2、 競合を防ぐために、 [** MySQL **]（https://cloud.tencent.com/product/cdb?from=10680）をインストールしたかどうかを確認してください

rpm -qa 'mysql*'

必要に応じて、インストールされているデータベースを削除します

3、 インストール

[ root@localhost mnt]# rpm -ivh MariaDB-*

warning: MariaDB-10.0.19-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 1bb943db: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

mariadb is obsoleted by MariaDB-client-10.0.19-1.el7.centos.x86_64

mariadb-libs < 1:10.0.19-1.el7.centos conflicts with MariaDB-common-10.0.19-1.el7.centos.x86_64

mariadb-libs is obsoleted by MariaDB-shared-10.0.19-1.el7.centos.x86_64

解決：

[ root @ localhost mnt] ＃rpm -iUvh MariaDB-*＃関連するソフトウェアがすでに存在する場合は更新し、存在しない場合はインストールします

注：インストールする前に、perlなどの必要なソフトウェアパッケージがインストールされていることを確認してください

4、 MariaDBルートユーザーのパスワードを設定します

1 ）mysqlサービスを開始します

[ root@localhost mnt]# /usr/sbin/mysqld start

150529 0:26:41 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 2987 ...

150529 0:26:41 [ ERROR] Fatal error: Please consult the Knowledge Base to find out how to run mysqld as root!

150529 0:26:41 [ ERROR] Aborting

150529 0:26:41 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

間違った理由：

ファイル権限を持つユーザーがMy [SQL Server]（https://cloud.tencent.com/product/sqlserver?from=10680）にルートアカウントを使用してファイル（たとえば、〜root / .bashrc）を作成させる可能性があるため、MySQLはデフォルトでユーザーがルートアカウントで開始することを拒否しますが、ルートユーザーは追加できますmysqldを強制的に開始するための「--user = root」オプション。

mysqldは通常のユーザーとして実行できます。安全のために、特別な通常のユーザーmysqlを使用してmysqlデータベースを管理できます。

解決策1：

[ root@localhost mnt]# /usr/sbin/mysqld --user=root

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 3035 ...

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

150529 0:37:26 [ Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.23-72.1 started; log sequence number 1616717

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

150529 0:37:27 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.

Version: '10.0.19-MariaDB' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB Server

解決策2：

1 ）/etc/my.cnfを編集し、次のコンテンツを追加します（mysqldグループのmysqlユーザーを意味します）

[ root@localhost mnt]# vim /etc/my.cnf

This group is read both both by the client and the server

use it for options that affect everything

[ client-server]

include all files from the config directory

! includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

[ myslqd]

user=mysql

~

注：ここでのmysqlユーザーは手動で作成されたものではなく、インストール中にデフォルトで作成されたようです。

2 ）mysqldをmysqlユーザーとして実行します（rootユーザーよりも安全です）

[ root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/mysqld --user=mysql

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 2990 ...

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

150531 0:10:22 [ Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

150531 0:10:23 [ Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

150531 0:10:23 [ Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

150531 0:10:23 [ Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

150531 0:10:23 [ Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.23-72.1 started; log sequence number 1616943

150531 0:10:23 [ Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.

150531 0:10:24 [ Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.

150531 0:10:24 [ Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

150531 0:10:24 [ ERROR] mysqld: File './multi-master.info' not found (Errcode: 13 "Permission denied")

150531 0:10:24 [ ERROR] Creation of Master_info index file './multi-master.info' failed

150531 0:10:24 [ ERROR] Failed to initialize multi master structures

150531 0:10:24 [ ERROR] Aborting

150531 0:10:24 [ Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

150531 0:10:24 [ Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

150531 0:10:25 [ Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616953

150531 0:10:25 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

上記のように、何かがうまくいかなかった、それを解決する方法は？

エラーの原因の分析：現在のディレクトリにmulti-master.infoを作成する権限がありません

解決：

[ root@localhost ~]# find / -name multi-master.info

/var/lib/mysql/multi-master.info

[ root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql

[ root@localhost mysql]# ll

total 110636

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 16384 May 31 00:10 aria_log.00000001

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 52 May 31 00:10 aria_log_control

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 31 00:10 ibdata1

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 31 00:10 ib_logfile0

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 29 00:18 ib_logfile1

• rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 13342 May 30 23:55 localhost.localdomain.err

• rw-rw----. 1 root root 0 May 29 00:37 multi-master.info

drwx--x--x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 29 00:18 mysql

srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 May 31 00:10 mysql.sock

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 29 00:18 performance_schema

[ root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql multi-master.info

[ root@localhost mysql]# ll

total 110636

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 16384 May 31 00:10 aria_log.00000001

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 52 May 31 00:10 aria_log_control

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 31 00:10 ibdata1

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 31 00:10 ib_logfile0

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 29 00:18 ib_logfile1

• rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 13342 May 30 23:55 localhost.localdomain.err

• rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 0 May 29 00:37 multi-master.info

drwx--x--x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 29 00:18 mysql

srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 May 31 00:10 mysql.sock

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 29 00:18 performance_schema

もう一度確認してください、成功しました

[ root@localhost mysql]# /usr/sbin/mysqld --user=mysql

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 3026 ...

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

150531 0:15:53 [ Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

150531 0:15:54 [ Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.23-72.1 started; log sequence number 1616953

150531 0:15:54 [ Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.

150531 0:15:54 [ Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.

150531 0:15:54 [ Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

150531 0:15:54 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.

Version: '10.0.19-MariaDB' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB Server

5、 デフォルトユーザーのパスワードを変更する

[ root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'test1234';

＃/ usr / bin / mysqladmin -u root password'new-password 'もできます

注：mariadbユーザーテーブルのrootユーザーは、Linuxのrootアカウントとは関係ありません。

6、 インストール中に作成されたテストデータベースと匿名ユーザーを削除します（強くお勧めします）

[ root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB

SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current

password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and

you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,

so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB

root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n

... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for

them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation

go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a

production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n

... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed

before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y

• Dropping test database...

... Success!

• Removing privileges on test database...

... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB

installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

[ root@localhost ~]#

7、 データベースを閉じる

[ root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -ptest1234

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 5

Server version: 10.0.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> shutdown;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

サービスを開く端末は、閉じた結果を次のように確認できます。

150530 23:45:01 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown

150530 23:45:01 [ Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events

150530 23:45:01 [ Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

150530 23:45:01 [ Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

150530 23:45:03 [ Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616867

150530 23:45:03 [ Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

8、 ユーザーと権限を作成する

MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'testacc'@'182.168.1.103' identified by 'test1234';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on . to 'testacc'@'%' identified by 'test1234';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[ root@localhost ~]# mysql --protocol=tcp -P 3306 -h192.168.1.103 -utestacc -ptest1234

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 10

Server version: 10.0.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

MariaDB [(none)]> exit

Bye

9、 クライアントツールのリモート接続

上の図に示すように、エラー番号2003は「192.168.1.103」のMySQLサーバーに接続できません

解決：

起動ファイアウォールを禁止する

[ root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'

rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'

ファイアウォールを停止します

[ root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

[ root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service

参照接続：

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/installing-mariadb-with-the-rpm-tool/