How to extend the root directory of LVM under Ubuntu system
Foreword
Recently, a server running under Hyper-V to capture data (Ubuntu 16.04) has insufficient disk space, and the data has not been placed in a separate partition before, so I can only find a way to enlarge the root directory. I haven't dealt with such a problem before. I searched a lot of information on the Internet. Now I record and share the expansion method.
It is recommended to do backup work before operation
Step overview
- Increase physical disk
- Determine the disk to operate
- The physical expansion partition where the logical partition of the expansion LVM is located
- Add LVM logical partition
- The new partition is merged into the corresponding Volumn Group
- Update file system
Increase physical disk size
Turn off the virtual machine, and then operate directly in the virtual machine management.
Now adjust the disk from 100G to 300G
Determine the disk to be operated
First look at the disk usage, run the command
root@vm003:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 03.9G 0%/dev
tmpfs 798M 8.6M 789M 2%/run
/dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root 94G 88G 1.9G 98% /
tmpfs 3.9G 03.9G 0%/dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 05.0M 0%/run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 03.9G 0%/sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472M 382M 66M 86%/boot
tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0%/run/lxcfs/controllers
tmpfs 798M 0 798M 0%/run/user/0
Although we have adjusted the physical disk to 300G, the root directory is still 100G, 98% has been used
Run command
root@vm003:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda:300 GiB,322122547200 bytes,629145600 sectors
Units: sectors of1*512=512 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical):512 bytes /4096 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal):4096 bytes /4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier:0xa88f1366
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *2048999423997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 100147020971315120871168299.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 100147220971315120871168099.5G 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root:95.5 GiB,102563315712 bytes,200318976 sectors
Units: sectors of1*512=512 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical):512 bytes /4096 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal):4096 bytes /4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-swap_1:4 GiB,4294967296 bytes,8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of1*512=512 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical):512 bytes /4096 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal):4096 bytes /4096 bytes
You can see that /dev/sda has indeed been adjusted to 300GiB, but the system hasn't used it yet.
Also know that we want to operate /dev/sda
Enlarge the physical partition where the LVM logical partition is located
Run command
root@vm003:~# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) print #View partition
Model: Msft Virtual Disk(scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 322GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049 kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot
2 513 MB 107GB 107GB extended
5 513 MB 107GB 107GB logical lvm(parted) resizepart 2 #Resize sda2 partition
End?[107GB]?-0 #Directly filled(parted) print #Check again
Model: Msft Virtual Disk(scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 322GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049 kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot
2 513 MB 322GB 322GB extended
5 513 MB 107GB 107GB logical lvm(parted) q #Finish exit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
Now we have expanded /dev/sda2
Add LVM logical partition
Run command
root@vm003:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk(util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.Command(m for help): p #Check the current partition situation
Disk /dev/sda:300 GiB,322122547200 bytes,629145600 sectors
Units: sectors of1*512=512 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical):512 bytes /4096 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal):4096 bytes /4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier:0xa88f1366
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *2048999423997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470629145599628144130299.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 100147220971315120871168099.5G 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.Command(m for help): n #Add a new partition, select a logical partition, and enter the start and end points depending on the situation. The default value is to fill the entire disk
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 6
First sector(209715200-629145599,default209715200):
Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P}(209715200-629145599,default629145599):
Created a newpartition6of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB.Command(m for help): p #View the newly added partition
Disk /dev/sda:300 GiB,322122547200 bytes,629145600 sectors
Units: sectors of1*512=512 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical):512 bytes /4096 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal):4096 bytes /4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier:0xa88f1366
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *2048999423997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470629145599628144130299.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 100147220971315120871168099.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda6 209715200629145599419430400 200G 83 Linux
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.Command(m for help): t #Change the partition type to Linux LVM
Partition number(1,2,5,6,default6):6 # sda6
Partition type(type L to list all types): 8e #Id code of LVM type
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.Command(m for help): p #Check the partition again
Disk /dev/sda:300 GiB,322122547200 bytes,629145600 sectors
Units: sectors of1*512=512 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical):512 bytes /4096 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal):4096 bytes /4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier:0xa88f1366
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *2048999423997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470629145599628144130299.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 100147220971315120871168099.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda6 209715200629145599419430400 200G 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.Command(m for help): wq #Confirm that there is no problem, save and exit
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old table. The newtable will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).
The new partition is merged into the corresponding Volumn Group
Run command
root@vm003:~# vgdisplay
- - - Volume group ---
VG Name Ubuntu
System ID
Format lvm2
It can be seen that the VG Name we want to operate is Ubuntu, and record it.
Then run the command
root@vm003:~# vgextend Ubuntu /dev/sda6 # /dev/sda6 is the newly added LVM partition
Device /dev/sda6 not found(or ignored by filtering).
Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda6' to volume group 'Ubuntu'.
Uh,, it prompts that the device /dev/sda6 is not found, so it's better to restart it.
root@vm003:~# reboot
Execute again after restart
root@vm003:~# vgextend Ubuntu /dev/sda6 # /dev/sda6 is the newly added LVM partition
Physical volume "/dev/sda6" successfully created
Volume group "Ubuntu" successfully extended
Check the status of Volumn Group again and run the command
root@vm003:~# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
Ubuntu 220 wz--n-299.52g 200.00g
It was indeed added.
Then run
root@vm003:~# lvdisplay
- - - Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/Ubuntu/root
LV Name root
VG Name Ubuntu
We know that the LV Path of Ubuntu VG is /dev/Ubuntu/root, record it.
Then run
root@vm003:~# lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/Ubuntu/root # /dev/Ubuntu/root is LV Path
Size of logical volume Ubuntu/root changed from95.52GiB(24453 extents) to 295.52GiB(75652 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized.
This is a success.
Warning: If the following warning appears during the operation, it means that the total size of the logic volumn is not correct. Resize does not increase the space, but reduces the space. If you continue to operate, you will lose data. Should stop immediately! Press n to cancel.
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 32.00 MiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce root? [y/n]*
Update file system
The last step, run the command
root@vm003:~# resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root # /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root is the file system information seen from the df command
resize2fs 1.42.13(17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks =6, new_desc_blocks =19
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root is now 77467648(4k) blocks long.
This process may take a few minutes, just wait patiently.
Then run the df command to view the disk usage
root@vm003:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 03.9G 0%/dev
tmpfs 798M 8.6M 789M 2%/run
/dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root 291G 88G 191G 32% /
tmpfs 3.9G 03.9G 0%/dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 05.0M 0%/run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 03.9G 0%/sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472M 382M 66M 86%/boot
tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0%/run/lxcfs/controllers
tmpfs 798M 0 798M 0%/run/user/0
That's it!
reference:
https://www.zalou.cn/article/139565.htm
to sum up
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