This article introduces the general operations for the Ubuntu system, including some basic configuration and interface beautification, as well as some problems that may occur in the middle.
In order to facilitate the execution of commands, instead of having to sudo every time, we can directly modify the password of the root account, and then switch to the root account to perform related operations, and in the subsequent process, once there is a boot exception, in the case of having the root account password, We can easily enter tty4 through Ctrl+Alt+F4 (or other F1~F6) to repair related configuration files through the command line to repair the boot failure.
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo passwd root
# Enter your new password
Note: The initial password is random and can only be reset to give a new password.
https://im.qq.com/linuxqq/download.html
https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/
There is a problem in the use process, that is, when using the input method to input numbers and English letters, there will be abnormal characters, "Like this".
This includes two parts:
Download gnome management plug-in, you can easily download and enable related gnome plug-ins. Download the address here, and then you can open the plug-in homepage in Chrome to configure.
Here are a few plugins used:
first step:
# Add software source
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/macbuntu
# Install Plank
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo apt-get install plank
Fix Plank on the Dock, enter the folder /usr/share/applications, find the relevant software, and drag it to the Dock to OK.
**Step 2: **
[ Download Frost](https://zimocp.github.io/upload/Ubuntu-18-04-LTS-%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96-%E4%BB%BFMac-OS-X/frost- plank-theme-2.2.1.zip): Find the folder named Frost in the unzipped folder and copy it to ~/.local/share/plank/themes (create if you don’t have it)
[ Download Mac OS Themes](https://zimocp.github.io/upload/Ubuntu-18-04-LTS-%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96-%E4%BB%BFMac-OS-X/ plank-macOS-Themes-Pack.zip): After decompression, enter the folder, you will see a lot of themes, copy the folder you need according to the name to ~/.local/share/plank/themes (create if you don’t have one )
Finally, Ctrl+right click on Plank, click Preferences, and select related topics.
Step 3: Hide the original Dash
Other configuration
Install Slingscold, Slingscold is a full-screen launcher that is lighter than the GNOME native launcher.
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo apt-get install slingscold
To fix Slingscold on the Dock, you can enter the folder /usr/share/applications, find the relevant software, and drag it to the Dock.
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-icons-v1804 macbuntu-os-ithemes-v1804 macbuntu-os-plank-theme-v1804
Install Macbuntu themes, icons and Plank themes through the above commands, open GNOME Tweaks, and set the application cursor icon in the appearance on the left sidebar to Macbuntu.
The final beautification effect
The English fonts of the Ubuntu system are very good-looking, but the Chinese fonts are sometimes not so good-looking, so you can replace the corresponding fonts yourself. Here you first need to check whether the Chinese font is installed, enter the following command on the terminal to view the installed font
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ fc-list :lang=zh
If there is no Chinese font, you can download it from the Internet, or copy it directly to the windows system. After the Chinese font is installed, you need to modify the default font setting file, modify the default alternative font when the default font cannot be found, enter the following path to find the configuration file:
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ vim /etc/fonts/conf.d/64-language-selector-prefer.conf
Modify (add) the font configuration information in the file, the first line after each is the default new font added.
<? xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"><fontconfig><alias><family>sans-serif</family><prefer><family>Microsoft YaHei</family><family>Noto Sans CJK JP</family><family>Noto Sans CJK KR</family><family>Noto Sans CJK SC</family><family>Noto Sans CJK TC</family><family>Noto Sans CJK HK</family></prefer></alias><alias><family>serif</family><prefer><family>Microsoft YaHei</family><family>Noto Serif CJK JP</family><family>Noto Serif CJK KR</family><family>Noto Serif CJK SC</family><family>Noto Serif CJK TC</family></prefer></alias><alias><family>monospace</family><prefer><family>Microsoft YaHei</family><family>Noto Sans Mono CJK JP</family><family>Noto Sans Mono CJK KR</family><family>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</family><family>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</family><family>Noto Sans Mono CJK HK</family></prefer></alias></fontconfig>
After saving with sudo permission, it will take effect after restarting. The original font will become the Chinese font. The default traditional font will become the new simplified Chinese.
This part is more troublesome, and there may be many situations, which are explained separately below.
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
# Modify the fields in the file:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""Change to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_backlight=vendor"
# Update
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo update-grub
# Reboot
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ reboot
If you want to set the initial value of brightness, you can directly modify the value in the file.
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo gedit /etc/rc.local
# Add the following code in the open file (added before exit 0)
echo 500>/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness
2. If the /sys/class/backlight/ directory is empty
You can adjust the brightness by installing third-party software, install the brightness-controller or brightness-controller-sample software,
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apandada1/brightness-controller
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo apt-get update
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo apt-get install brightness-controller
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ brightness-controler
On the left is the normal version of the adjustment software, and on the right is the simple version.
3. If it is still invalid, the following dangerous solutions can be used
The following modifications may make it impossible to enter the system after restarting, because the newly added driver configuration may cause the display to be abnormal, so use it with caution, but if you cannot enter the system after restarting, don’t be afraid, use Ctrl+Alt+F4 (or F1~F6) Enter tty4 and delete the newly added configuration file s. Here you need to log in as the root user directly, and then delete the conf file and restart to restore it.
Enter the /etc/X11/ path, if there is no xorg.conf file, create a new one yourself, enter the following content, save and exit.
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
DefaultDepth 24
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "glx"
EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier "Default Device"
Driver "nvidia"
Option "NoLogo""True"
Option "RegistryDwords""EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection
If there is this file, type in the terminal:
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
# Change the content of fuiying to the following
Section "Device"
Identifier "Device0"
Driver "nvidia"
VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
Option "RegistryDwords""EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection
Then save, exit, and restart, maybe it's normal. If you can't get into the system, then please see the solution at the beginning of this paragraph.
4. If it still has no effect
It is reasonable to suspect that it is due to the graphics card driver. We know that when installing the graphics card driver on a computer with dual graphics cards (single graphics plus integrated graphics), you need to modify the grub file and add the nomodeset field after slpash. This is to prohibit the system from using GTX. The N card driver is explained in detail in the previous article. If the brightness still cannot be adjusted here, please refer to whether the nomodeset field still exists in the file. To delete it.
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub
# Delete the nomodeset field, save and exit
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ sudo update-grub
tzloop@tzloop-GE62-6QC:~$ reboot
This is my final error positioning. After removing the nomodeset, the independent display is actually used. After restarting, some changes will be found. For example, an animation will appear when the program is opened, and an animation will appear when clicking the program menu. The brightness can be adjusted at will, web pages or programs. The rendering speed has also become faster, and the above two brightness adjustment software can also be used.
https://zimocp.github.io/2019/05/20/Ubuntu-18-04-LTS-%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96/https://www.jianshu.com/p/4c95b708ae1dhttps://blog.csdn.net/redstone0001/article/details/17042011https://blog.csdn.net/u013406197/article/details/80773820https://blog.csdn.net/TianliangQiu/article/details/51585398https://blog.csdn.net/HedWater/article/details/75465110https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41490463/article/details/80987654https://blog.csdn.net/gengyuchao/article/details/101215243
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